Building Information Systems

1. The System Development Process

• Definition: System development involves creating or modifying existing information systems to meet organizational objectives.
• Steps in System Development:
  1. Systems Analysis: Defining the problem, identifying requirements, and assessing feasibility.
  2. Systems Design: Creating a blueprint for the system, detailing components, architecture, and interfaces.
  3. Programming: Writing the actual code based on design specifications.
  4. Testing: Ensuring the system functions as intended (includes unit, system, and user acceptance testing).
  5. Implementation: Deploying the system into the operational environment.
  6. Maintenance: Continuously monitoring and updating the system to fix issues or enhance functionality.

2. Alternative System-Building Approaches

• Traditional Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC):
  • A structured, step-by-step process with defined stages.
  • Benefits: Predictability and control.
  • Drawbacks: Inflexibility and time consumption.
• Prototyping:
  • Rapid development of a working model to refine requirements.
  • Benefits: Encourages user feedback and iteration.
  • Drawbacks: Can lead to "scope creep" if requirements keep changing.
• Agile Development:
  • Iterative and incremental development focused on flexibility and collaboration.
  • Popular methodologies: Scrum and Kanban.
• DevOps:
  • Combines development and IT operations for continuous integration and delivery.
  • Benefits: Faster deployment and higher-quality systems.
• End-User Development:
  • Allows users to create systems themselves using low-code or no-code platforms.
  • Benefits: Quick and cost-effective.
  • Drawbacks: Potential for lack of standardization and security risks.

3. Selecting the Best Approach

• Choice depends on:
  • Complexity of the system.
  • Time and budget constraints.
  • User involvement and feedback requirements.
  • Organizational culture and resources.

4. System Development in a Global Context

• Challenges:
  • Differences in cultural norms, legal regulations, and technology infrastructure.
  • Coordination across time zones for global teams.
• Strategies for Success:
  • Use collaborative tools like project management software (e.g., Jira, Trello).
  • Standardize coding practices and documentation.

5. Systems Analysis and Requirements